Coated seed and methods for reducing seed dust

ABSTRACT

Methods for reducing dust by treating a seed with a lubricant composition are described herein. The disclosure also provides for a method of reducing planter dust released during seed planting by applying a lubricant composition to a seed. Methods for increasing seed lubricity by coating a seed with a lubricant composition are also described. Compositions and seeds useful in these methods are also described.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/391,972, filed Oct. 10, 2014, which is a national phase entry ofPCT/US2013/031888, filed Mar. 15, 2013, which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Application No. 61/619,691, filed on Apr. 19, 2012, thecontents of all of which are incorporated herein by reference in theirentirety.

FIELD OF INVENTION

Methods for reducing dust emission by treating or coating a seed with alubricant composition are described. The disclosure also provides formethods of planter dust released during seed planting by applying alubricant composition to a seed. Methods for increasing seed lubricityby coating a seed with a lubricant composition are also described.Compositions and seeds useful in these methods are also described.

BACKGROUND

It is believed that vacuum planters release a certain amount of dustduring the planting of seeds. It is also believed that the amount ofseed dust released during seed planting depends on a variety of factors,such as the technique or mechanism employed during seed planting. Otherfactors contributing to seed dust associated with planting include thetype of seed coating used during planting. It is believed that whiletraditional planter lubricants, such as talc and graphite, providelubrication to help seed flow through the planter mechanism, suchtraditional planter lubricants may not possess a high enough level oflubricity to prevent some level of seed attrition that may result in theloss of small amounts of insecticide from the seed surface. As such,there is a need to find an alternative to traditional planter lubricantsthat are capable of limiting insecticidal dust emissions during seedplanting. To this end, the disclosed compositions and methods have theability to reduce or control seed and planter dust in a manner that wasnot previously recognized.

SUMMARY

In an aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of reducing dustemission by applying a lubricant composition to a seed. In anotheraspect, the dust emission is reduced relative to a seed coatingcomprising talc or graphite. In yet another aspect, the pollinatinginsect is a bee and the dust emission is released from a mechanical seedplanter.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of treating aseed by coating a seed with a lubricant composition, wherein thelubricant composition reduces the emission of insecticidal, pesticidal,fungicidal, or herbicidal dust. In another aspect, the lubricantcomposition reduces the emission of clothianidin dust.

In an aspect, the disclosure provides for a coated seed comprising anactive insecticidal, fungicidal, pesticidal, or herbicidal treatingagent and a lubricant composition. In another aspect, the lubricantcomposition is an organic lubricant composition coating. In an aspect,the lubricant composition is a wax composition. In yet another aspect,the lubricant composition is selected from the group consisting ofpolyethylene wax, carnuba wax, paraffin wax, polypropylene wax, andoxidized polyethylene wax. In another aspect, the seed is a corn seed.In yet another aspect, the lubricant composition is applied to a seed atabout 1.0-3.0 oz/cwt or about 0.5-4.0 oz/cwt.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 sets forth the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and gramsof clothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated witha PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and talc treatment as compared to a treatment ofPONCHO®/VOTIVO® and polyethylene wax used as a lubricant at 0.56 oz/cwtseed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed as measuredby a John Deere Vacuum Meter.

FIG. 2 sets forth corn dust levels for seeds treated with aPONCHO®/VOTIVO® and talc treatment as compared to a treatment ofPONCHO®/VOTIVO® and oxidized polyethylene wax used as a lubricant at0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seedas measured by a John Deere Vacuum Meter.

FIG. 3 sets forth the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and gramsof clothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated witha PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and talc treatment as compared to a treatment ofPONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and oxidized polyethylene wax used as a lubricantat 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwtseed as measured by a John Deere Vacuum Meter.

FIG. 4 sets forth measures corn dust levels for seeds treated with aPONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and talc treatment as compared to a treatment ofPONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and polyethylene wax used as a lubricant at 0.56oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed asmeasured by a John Deere Vacuum Meter.

FIG. 5 sets forth the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and gramsof clothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated witha PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and graphite treatment as compared to a treatment ofPONCHO®/VOTIVO® and an oxidized polyethylene wax used as a lubricant at0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seedas measured by a Case IH Vacuum Meter.

FIG. 6 sets forth measures corn dust levels for seeds treated with aPONCHO®/VOTIVO® and graphite treatment as compared to a treatment ofPONCHO®/VOTIVO® and polyethylene wax used as a lubricant at 0.56 oz/cwtseed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed as measuredby a Case IH Vacuum Meter.

FIG. 7 sets forth the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and gramsof clothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated witha PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and graphite treatment as compared to a treatmentof PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and an oxidized polyethylene wax used as alubricant at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3oz/cwt seed as measured by a Case IH Vacuum Meter.

FIG. 8 sets forth measures corn dust levels for seeds treated with aPONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and talc treatment as compared to a treatment ofPONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and an oxidized polyethylene wax used as alubricant at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3oz/cwt seed as measured by a Case IH Vacuum Meter.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The disclosure provides for a method of reducing dust emission,pesticidal dust, insecticidal dust, herbicidal and/or fungicidal dust.In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of reducing dustemission, pesticidal dust, insecticidal dust, herbicidal and/orfungicidal dust by coating a seed with a composition described herein,for example a lubricant composition. In yet another aspect, thedisclosure provides for a method of reducing dust emission, pesticidaldust, insecticidal dust, or fungicidal dust by:

-   -   (1) applying a treating agent to a seed; and    -   (2) applying a lubricant composition to the treated seed such        that the lubricant composition reduces dust emission, pesticidal        dust, insecticidal dust, herbicidal and/or fungicidal dust.

In an aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of coating a seedwith a treating agent and a lubricant composition described herein, forexample a wax composition, wherein the coated seed emits a reducedamount of dust, pesticidal dust, insecticidal dust, or dust.

The disclosure also provides for a method of reducing vacuum planterdust released during planting. In an aspect, the disclosure provides fora method of reducing insect exposure to vacuum planter dust releasedduring planting. In another aspect, the vacuum planter dust is aninsecticidal, pesticidal, or fungicidal dust.

In an aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of improving seedflow by applying or treating seed with a composition described herein.In another aspect, a composition described herein is applied to wetseed. The disclosure also provides for a method of increasing seedlubricity by coating a seed with a composition described herein. In anaspect, the disclosure provides for a method of lowering lubricity atlower use rates than those afforded by the coating of a seed with talcor graphite. The disclosure also provides for a method increasing thelevel of lubricity in an amount that is sufficient to reduce seedattrition that may result in the loss of small amounts of insecticidefrom the seed surface.

The disclosure also provides for a method of adding a treating agent anda wax to a seed. In another aspect, a wax composition is added to apre-treated seed prior to the pre-treated seed being placed in soil. Inanother aspect, a seed is pre-treated by both a treating agent and a waxcomposition described herein prior to planting. In yet another aspect, acomposition described herein can be applied to seed in a planter orhopper either manually or with a mechanized system, such as a mechanizedmetering system. In an aspect, the powder form of a wax is added to seedin a planter.

In an aspect, a treating agent is added to a seed prior to placing seedinto a bag or container for shipping to a planting site. In anotheraspect, after the seed arrives at the planting site, a lubricantcomposition described herein is added to the seed. In yet anotheraspect, a lubricant composition described herein is added to pre-treatedseed (seed previously treated with a treating agent) in a plantermechanism or hopper of the planting mechanism. In another aspect, atreating agent and a lubricant composition are added to a seed prior tothe seed being loaded on a planter or hopper for planting. In yetanother aspect, a treating agent and a first lubricant composition areadded to seed prior to the seed being loaded on a planter or hopper forplanting and a second lubricant composition are added to seed in theplanter or hopper.

In an aspect, the dust, insecticidal dust, herbicidal dust, pesticidaldust, or fungicidal dust emission is reduced relative to traditionallubricants, such as talc or graphite. In yet another aspect, a lubricantcomposition described herein, for example a wax composition, reduces thedust, insecticidal dust, herbicidal dust, pesticidal dust, or fungicidaldust emission from the planter mechanism, such as an air or vacuumplanter. In an aspect, the planter mechanism is a John Deere, Case IH,Kinze, AGCO White, Great Plains, or Precision Planting vacuum planter.

The disclosure also provides for a method of reducing active agent dust,pesticide, herbicidal, fungicide, or insecticide dust exposure to aninsect by applying a composition described herein to a seed. In anaspect, the insect can be a pollinating insect. In another aspect, theinsect can be an insect capable of being negatively influenced by thepresence of a pesticide, fungicide, herbicidal, or insecticide dust. Inyet another aspect, the insect is a bee. In another aspect, the bee is aWestern honey bee, European honey bee (Apis mellifera), or Africanizedhoney bee.

In an aspect, a composition capable of being used with the methodsdescribed herein comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of alubricant composition. In another aspect, a composition capable of beingused with the methods described herein comprises, consists essentiallyof, or consists of a wax, polyethylene wax, powdered polyethylene wax,or MICHEM® WAX 437 (Michelman).

In an aspect, a composition described herein can include one or morelubricant compositions. In another aspect, a lubricant composition is anorganic lubricants. In another aspect, the lubricant composition is awax, for example, polyethylene, powdered polyethylene, carnuba,paraffin, polypropylene, an oxidized polyethylene wax, montan waxes,microcrystalline waxes, Fischer-Tropsch waxes, amide waxes,Ethylene-Acrylic-Acid (EAA) waxes, polyolefin waxes, Ethylene bisstearamide (EBS) waxes, animal waxes (bees wax & lanolin), vegetablewaxes (carnauba & candelilla), or slac and scale waxes. In anotheraspect, a lubricant composition is TEFLON™ (polytetrafluoroethylene).

In an aspect, a composition capable of being used with the methodsdescribed herein comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of atreatment agent and a lubricant composition, for example, a wax. Inanother aspect, a composition capable of being used with the methodsdescribed herein comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of atreatment agent together with a polyethylene wax or powderedpolyethylene wax. In an aspect, the wax is used as a planter lubricant.

In an aspect, a treatment agent is a compound or composition exhibitinginsecticidal, pesticidal, or fungicidal properties. In another aspect, atreatment agent is a compound or composition with neonicotinoidproperties. In an aspect, a treating agent is selected from the groupconsisting of acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid,nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, abamectin, NIPSIT INSIDE®(Valent), PLATINUM® (Syngenta), ADMIRE® PRO (Bayer CropScience),CRUISER® (Syngenta), GAUCHO® (Bayer CropScience), LEVERAGE® (BayerCropScience), ACTARA® (Syngenta), VENOM® (Valent), PROVADO® (BayerCropScience), ALIAS® (Mana), PASADA® (Mana), COURAZE® (Cheminova),ASSAIL® (DuPont), PONCHO®/VOTIVO® (Bayer CropScience), PONCHO® BETA(Bayer CropScience), and/or PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® (Pioneer). In anaspect, the treatment agent is applied to a seed and the seed issubsequently coated with a lubricant compound.

In an aspect, insecticidal dust, pesticidal dust, or fungicidal dust isdust from one or more of the following actives: acetamiprid,clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid,thiamethoxam, abamectin, NIPSIT INSIDE® (Valent), PLATINUM® (Syngenta),ADMIRE® PRO (Bayer CropScience), CRUISER® (Syngenta), GAUCHO® (BayerCropScience), LEVERAGE® (Bayer CropScience), ACTARA® (Syngenta), VENOM®(Valent), PROVADO® (Bayer CropScience), ALIAS® (Mana), PASADA® (Mana),COURAZE® (Cheminova), ASSAIL® (DuPont), PONCHO®/VOTIVO® (BayerCropScience), PONCHO® BETA (Bayer CropScience), and/or PONCHO®1250+VOTIVO® (Pioneer). In an aspect, the treatment agent is applied toa seed and the seed is subsequently coated with a lubricant compound. Inanother aspect, “dust” can include any active agent coated on a seedthat is emits a particulate or “dust.” In another aspect, dust isreleased during the planting process.

In an aspect, a composition described herein includes a mixture orcombination of lubricant composition and treatment agent describedherein.

In another aspect, a composition or method described herein does notinclude an inorganic lubricant composition. Inorganic compounds, forexample talc and graphite, encompass compounds such as carbides,carbonates, simple oxides of carbon, cyanides, and allotropes of carbon.

In an aspect, a composition or method described herein does not includetalc. In another aspect, a composition or method described herein doesnot include graphite or graphite blends. In yet another aspect, acomposition or method described herein does not include blends ofgraphite and/or talc. In another aspect, a composition or methoddescribed herein contains trace amount of talc or graphite. In anotheraspect, a composition or method described herein contains less thanabout 5%, less than about 10%, less than about 20%, less than about 20%,less than about 30%, less than about 40%, or less than about 50% byweight of talc, graphite, or a combination of talc or graphite.

In yet another aspect, a composition described herein may be blendedwith inert materials to improve handling or packaging, for example,silica, starches (natural and derived), clays, and other minerals.

In an aspect, a composition described herein is applied as a powder to aseed at the same time or before the planter fills the planter hopperwith seed. In another aspect, a composition described herein is appliedas a dry powder to a seed as a farmer fills the planter hopper withseed.

In an aspect, a composition described herein, such as a wax, is capableof providing lubricity at a lower use rate as compared to conventionallubricants, such as talc or graphite. In another aspect, a wax describedherein provides for improved seed to seed and seed to planter mechanismslip and reduces insecticide loss from seed due to attrition as itpasses through the vacuum planter mechanisms.

In another aspect, a lubricant composition described herein provides anincreased level of lubricity to reduce seed to seed and seed to plantermechanism attrition as compared to traditional lubricant compositions,such as talc or graphite. In an aspect, a lubricant compositiondescribed herein is also effective at lower application rates than talcor graphite.

In an aspect, the methods and compositions described herein reduce dust,insecticidal dust emissions, pesticidal dust emissions, herbicidal dustemissions, or fungicidal dust emissions by about 5% to about 20%, about20% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 50% to about 90%, about60% to about 80%, about 65% to about 95%, about 80% to about 95%, orabout 5%, about 15%, about 25%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about70%, about 80%, about 90%, or about 95%, or about 5% or more, about 15%or more, about 25% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, about 90% or more, orabout 95% or more. In yet another aspect, the dust emissions,insecticidal dust emissions, pesticidal dust emissions, or fungicidaldust emissions is reduced relative to traditional lubricants, such astalc or graphite.

In an aspect, a composition described herein is applied to a seed at arate of about 0.1-5.0 oz/cwt (ounces/hundredweight), about 0.5-4.0oz/cwt, about 1.0-3.5 oz/cwt, about 1.5-3.0 oz/cwt, about 2.0-3.0oz/cwt, about 2.0-2.5 oz/cwt, or about 0.2 oz/cwt, about 0.5 oz/cwt,about 0.75 oz/cwt, about 1.0 oz/cwt, about 1.5 oz/cwt, about 2.0 oz/cwt,about 2.5 oz/cwt, about 3.0 oz/cwt, about 3.5 oz/cwt, about 4.0 oz/cwt,about 4.5 oz/cwt, about 5.0 oz/cwt, or about 0.2 oz/cwt or more, about0.5 oz/cwt or more, about 0.75 oz/cwt or more, about 1.0 oz/cwt or more,about 1.5 oz/cwt or more, about 2.0 oz/cwt or more, about 2.5 oz/cwt ormore, about 3.0 oz/cwt or more, about 3.5 oz/cwt or more, about 4.0oz/cwt or more, about 4.5 oz/cwt or more, or about 5.0 oz/cwt or more.In yet another aspect, a composition described herein is applied to aseed in a manner sufficient to convey the desired property.

In an aspect, a composition described herein is applied to a seed in asingle application step. In another aspect, a composition describedherein is applied in multiple application steps. In yet another aspect,a composition described herein is applied in one, two, three or moreapplication steps to a seed. In another aspect, a method describedherein excludes multiple application steps. In an aspect, the methodsdescribed herein include a first sequential application of a treatingagent described herein to a seed followed by a second application oflubricant composition described herein to a seed.

Seeds which can be treated by the methods described herein include, forexample, seeds that are treated with insecticides, pesticides, orfungicides. Seeds may include any agricultural or vegetable seeds thatare planted through a vacuum planter, including wherein talc may be usedas a planter lubricant. In an aspect, the seed is selected from thegroup consisting of a corn seed, cotton seed, sorghum seed, oat seed,rye seed, barley seed, soybean seed, vegetable seed, wheat seed,sugarbeat seed, rice, sunflower seed, lettuce seed, and spinach seed. Inan aspect, the seed is corn seed. Examples of corn seeds capable ofbeing used in the methods described herein include, for instance, sweetcorn (for example, zea mays convar. saccharata var. Rugosa), silverqueen corn, golden bantam, early sunglow, indian corn, sugar corn, polecorn, field corn, dent corn, flint corn, flour corn, blue corn (forexample, Zea mays amylacea), pop corn, and waxy corn.

Seeds may be treated with the described compositions by applying thecompositions directly to the seed. In another embodiment, the seed maybe treated indirectly, for example by treating the environment orhabitat in which the seed is exposed to. Conventional treatment methodsmay be used to treat the environment or habitat including dipping,spraying, fumigating, chemigating, fogging, scattering, brushing on,shanking or injecting.

In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a kit comprising,consisting essentially of, or consisting of any of the compositionsdisclosed herein. In an aspect, the kit includes any of the combinationof compositions described in Examples 1-4, Tables 1-8, or FIGS. 1-8. Inanother aspect, the kit provides for the compositions described inExamples 1-4, Tables 1-8, or FIGS. 1-8, applied in a manner that isconsistent with the methodology of these examples and figures. Inanother aspect, the kit provides instructions or guidance regarding theuse of the compositions or methods described herein.

In an aspect, the kit includes instructions describing the methodologydescribed herein. In another aspect, the kit includes instructionsdescribing the methodology set forth in any of Examples 1-4, Tables 1-8,or FIGS. 1-8. In an aspect, the instructions are included with the kit,separate from the kit, in the kit, or are included on the kit packaging.In yet another aspect, the instructions provide for application of alubricant composition at planting.

The following examples serve to illustrate certain aspects of thedisclosure and are not intended to limit the disclosure.

EXAMPLES Example 1

Example 1 sets forth PONCHO®/VOTIVO® Corn dust levels with polyethylenewax as a planter lubricant.

In Table 1, the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and grams ofclothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated withPONCHO®/VOTIVO® and fluency powder (polyethylene wax) as a planterlubricant were evaluated. As set forth in Table 1, a treatmentcombination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and talc treatment was compared to atreatment combination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and fluency powder(polyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwtseed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. The dust and clothianidin exposure weremeasured with a Heubach Dustmeter. The data in Table 1 represents anaverage of two seed sources.

In FIG. 2, the % Singulation, % Population, % Skips, and % Multipleswere evaluated on a treatment combination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and talctreatment as compared to a treatment combination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® andfluency powder (polyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed,1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. As set forth in FIG. 2, the %Singulation (the percentage of single distributed seeds spaced andplanted in a manner that is consistent with the planter specification)and % Population (the number, in percent, of desired seeds that wereplanted in a manner that is consistent with the planter specification)of seeds coated with polyethylene wax as a lubricant were in line withthose with as compared to talc. Additionally, as set forth in FIG. 2,the % Skips (the percentage of seeds that were not planted in a mannerthat is consistent with the planter specification) and the % Multiples(the percentage of multiple planted seeds) of seeds coated with anoxidized polyethylene wax as a lubricant were also in line with thosewith as compared to talc.

TABLE 1 Total Grams Grams Clothianidin in Dust per Total Dust per100,000 % Decrease of Treatment & Planter 100,000 Kernels (HPLCClothianidin in Lubricant Kernels Analysis of Filters) Dust Versus TalcPONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 0.21 0.04 −76% (no lubricant) PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 5.210.16 Control with Talc at 3.95 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 0.20 0.03−84% with Fluency Powder at 0.56 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 0.10 0.02−88% with Fluency Powder at 0.75 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 0.17 0.02−89% with Fluency Powder at 1.5 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 0.41 0.02−86% with Fluency Powder at 3 oz/cwt seed

In Table 2, the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and grams ofclothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated withPONCHO®/VOTIVO® and fluency powder (polyethylene wax) as a planterlubricant were evaluated. As set forth in Table 2, a treatmentcombination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and talc treatment was compared to atreatment combination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and fluency powder (oxidizedpolyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwtseed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. The dust and clothianidin exposure weremeasured with a John Deere Vacuum Meter. The data in Table 2 representsan average of two seed sources. The data was measured by dust capturedin the vacuum air stream coming out of the meter on the test stand.

TABLE 2 Total Grams Grams Clothianidin in Dust per Total Dust per100,000 % Decrease of Treatment & Planter 100,000 Kernels (HPLCClothianidin in Lubricant Kernels Analysis of Filters) Dust Versus TalcPONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 0.89 0.09 −19% (no lubricant) PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 4.210.11 Control with Talc at 3.95 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 0.45 0.03−69% with Fluency Powder at 0.56 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 0.29 0.02−78% with Fluency Powder at 0.75 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 0.63 0.04−64% with Fluency Powder at 1.5 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 0.78 0.03−73% with Fluency Powder at 3 oz/cwt seed

Example 2

Example 2 sets forth the PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® Corn dust levels withpolyethylene wax as a planter lubricant.

In Table 3, the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and grams ofclothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated withPONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and fluency powder (polyethylene wax) as a planterlubricant were evaluated. As set forth in Table 3, a treatmentcombination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and talc treatment was compared to atreatment combination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and fluency powder(polyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwtseed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. The dust and clothianidin exposure weremeasured with a Heubach Dustmeter. The data in Table 3 represents anaverage of two seed sources.

In FIG. 4, the % Singulation, % Population, % Skips, and % Multipleswere evaluated on a treatment combination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® andtalc treatment was compared to a treatment combination of PONCHO®1250+VOTIVO® and fluency powder (polyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed,0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. As set forth inFIG. 4, the % Singulation, % Population, % Skips, and % Multiples ofseeds coated with polyethylene wax as a lubricant were in line withthose with as compared to talc.

TABLE 3 Total Grams Grams Clothianidin in Dust per Total Dust per100,000 % Decrease of Treatment & Planter 100,000 Kernels (HPLCClothianidin in Lubricant Kernels Analysis of Filters) Dust Versus TalcPONCHO ® 1250 + 0.18 0.03 −85% VOTIVO ® (no lubricant) PONCHO ® 1250 +5.23 0.18 Control VOTIVO ® with Talc at 3.95 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ® 1250 +0.06 0.01 −95% VOTIVO ® with Fluency Powder at 0.56 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ®1250 + 0.07 0.01 −96% VOTIVO ® with Fluency Powder at 0.75 oz/cwt seedPONCHO ® 1250 + 0.10 0.01 −94% VOTIVO ® with Fluency Powder at 1.5oz/cwt seed PONCHO ® 1250 + 0.09 0.01 −93% VOTIVO ® with Fluency Powderat 3 oz/cwt seed

In Table 4, the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and grams ofclothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated withPONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and fluency powder (oxidized polyethylene wax) as aplanter lubricant were evaluated. As set forth in Table 4, a treatmentcombination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and talc treatment was compared to atreatment combination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and fluency powder(oxidized polyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. The dust and clothianidin exposure weremeasured with a John Deere Vacuum Meter. The data in Table 4 representsan average of two seed sources.

TABLE 4 Total Grams Grams Clothianidin in % Decrease or Dust per TotalDust per 100,000 Increase of Treatment & Planter 100,000 Kernels (HPLCClothianidin in Lubricant Kernels Analysis of Filters) Dust Versus TalcPONCHO ® 1250 + 0.77 0.13  +7% VOTIVO ® (no lubricant) PONCHO ® 1250 +3.23 0.12 Control VOTIVO ® with Talc at 3.95 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ® 1250 +0.41 0.04 −63% VOTIVO ® with Fluency Powder at 0.56 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ®1250 + 0.21 0.03 −78% VOTIVO ® with Fluency Powder at 0.75 oz/cwt seedPONCHO ® 1250 + 0.44 0.04 −70% VOTIVO ® with Fluency Powder at 1.5oz/cwt seed PONCHO ® 1250 + 0.61 0.03 −73% VOTIVO ® with Fluency Powderat 3 oz/cwt seed

Example 3

Example 1 sets forth the PONCHO®/VOTIVO® Corn dust levels withpolyethylene wax as a planter lubricant.

In Table 5, the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and grams ofclothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated withPONCHO®/VOTIVO® and fluency powder (polyethylene wax) as a planterlubricant were evaluated. As set forth in Table 5, a treatmentcombination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and graphite treatment was compared to atreatment combination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and fluency powder (oxidizedpolyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwtseed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. The dust and clothianidin exposure weremeasured with a Heubach Dustmeter. The data in Table 5 represents anaverage of two seed sources.

In FIG. 6, the % Singulation, % Population, % Skips, and % Multipleswere evaluated on a treatment combination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® andgraphite treatment as compared to a treatment combination ofPONCHO®/VOTIVO® and fluency powder (oxidized polyethylene wax) at 0.56oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. Asset forth in FIG. 6, the % Singulation, % Population, % Skips, and %Multiples of seeds coated with powdered oxidized polyethylene wax as alubricant were in line with those with as compared to graphite.

TABLE 5 Total Grams Grams Clothianidin in % Decrease of Dust per TotalDust Per 100,000 Clothianidin in Treatment & Planter 100,000 Kernels(HPLC Dust Versus Lubricant Kernels Analysis of Filters) GraphitePONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 0.21 0.04 −68% (no lubricant) PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 0.920.12 Control with Graphite at 0.56 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 0.200.03 −79% with Fluency Powder at 0.56 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 0.100.02 −84% with Fluency Powder at 0.75 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 0.170.02 −85% with Fluency Powder at 1.5 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 0.410.02 −81% with Fluency Powder at 3 oz/cwt seed

In Table 6, the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and grams ofclothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated withPONCHO®/VOTIVO® and fluency powder (polyethylene wax) as a planterlubricant were evaluated. As set forth in Table 6, a treatmentcombination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and graphite treatment was compared to atreatment combination of PONCHO®/VOTIVO® and fluency powder (oxidizedpolyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwtseed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. The dust and clothianidin exposure weremeasured with a Case IH Vacuum Meter. The data in Table 6 represents anaverage of two seed sources.

TABLE 6 Total Grams Grams Clothianidin in % Decrease of Dust per TotalDust per 100,000 Clothianidin in Treatment & Planter 100,000 Kernels(HPLC Dust Versus Lubricant Kernels Analysis of Filters) GraphitePONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 2.08 0.22 −21% (no lubricant) PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 3.800.27 Control with Graphite at 0.56 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 1.860.16 −41% with Fluency Powder at 0.56 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 1.730.14 −48% with Fluency Powder at 0.75 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 1.970.13 −53% with Fluency Powder at 1.5 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ®/VOTIVO ® 3.640.14 −51% with Fluency Powder at 3 oz/cwt seed

Example 4

Example 4 sets forth the PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® Corn dust levels withpolyethylene wax as a planter lubricant.

In Table 7, the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and grams ofclothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated withPONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and fluency powder (polyethylene wax) as a planterlubricant were evaluated. As set forth in Table 3, a treatmentcombination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and graphite treatment was comparedto a treatment combination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and fluency powder(oxidized polyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. The dust and clothianidin exposure weremeasured with a Heubach Dustmeter. The data in Table 7 represents anaverage of two seed sources.

In FIG. 8, the % Singulation, % Population, % Skips, and % Multipleswere evaluated on a treatment combination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® andgraphite treatment as compared to a treatment combination of PONCHO®1250+VOTIVO® and fluency powder (oxidized polyethylene wax) at 0.56oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5 oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. Asset forth in FIG. 8, the % Singulation, % Population, % Skips, and %Multiples of seeds coated with powdered oxidized polyethylene wax as alubricant were in line with those with as compared to graphite.

TABLE 7 Total Grams Grams Clothianidin in % Decrease of Dust per TotalDust per 100,000 Clothianidin in Treatment & Planter 100,000 Kernels(HPLC Dust Versus Lubricant Kernels Analysis of Filters) GraphitePONCHO ® 1250 + 0.18 0.03 −69% VOTIVO ® (no lubricant) PONCHO ® 1250 +0.63 0.09 Control VOTIVO ® with Graphite at 0.56 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ®1250 + 0.06 0.01 −89% VOTIVO ® with Fluency Powder at 0.56 oz/cwt seedPONCHO ® 1250 + 0.17 0.01 −91% VOTIVO ® with Fluency Powder at 0.75oz/cwt seed PONCHO ® 1250 + 0.10 0.01 −88% VOTIVO ® with Fluency Powderat 1.5 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ® 1250 + 0.09 0.01 −86% VOTIVO ® with FluencyPowder at 3 oz/cwt seed

In Table 8, the total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and grams ofclothianidin in total dust per 100,000 kernels for seeds treated withPONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and fluency powder (polyethylene wax) as a planterlubricant were evaluated. As set forth in Table 8, a treatmentcombination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and graphite treatment was comparedto a treatment combination of PONCHO® 1250+VOTIVO® and fluency powder(oxidized polyethylene wax) at 0.56 oz/cwt seed, 0.75 oz/cwt seed, 1.5oz/cwt seed, and 3 oz/cwt seed. The dust and clothianidin exposure weremeasured with a Case IH Vacuum Meter. The data in Table 8 represents anaverage of two seed sources.

TABLE 8 Total Grams Grams Clothianidin in % Decrease of Dust per TotalDust per 100,000 Clothianidin in Treatment & Planter 100,000 Kernels(HPLC Dust Versus Lubricant Kernels Analysis of Filters) GraphitePONCHO ® 1250 + 1.83 0.31  −1% VOTIVO ® (no lubricant) PONCHO ® 1250 +3.08 0.31 Control VOTIVO ®with Graphite at 0.56 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ®1250 + 1.02 0.14 −55% VOTIVO ®with Fluency Powder at 0.56 oz/cwt seedPONCHO ® 1250 + 1.09 0.14 −55% VOTIVO ®with Fluency Powder at 0.75oz/cwt seed PONCHO ® 1250 + 1.22 0.12 −63% VOTIVO ®with Fluency Powderat 1.5 oz/cwt seed PONCHO ® 1250 + 2.19 0.13 −57% VOTIVO ®with FluencyPowder at 3 oz/cwt seed

We claim:
 1. A method of reducing dust comprising (a) first treating acorn, soybean or cotton seed with acetamiprid, dinotefuran, nitenpyram,thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, or abamectin to produce pre-treated seed; (b)then applying an organic lubricant composition consisting essentially ofpowdered polyethylene wax to said pre-treated seed; wherein seed dustfrom (1) said pre-treated seed with the applied organic lubricantcomposition is reduced relative to (2) seed of the same type pre-treatedwith acetamiprid, dinotefuran, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, orabamectin with an applied coating of talc and/or graphite and withoutsaid organic lubricant composition; wherein the organic lubricantcomposition is applied about 0.5-4.0 ounces per 100 pounds of seed; andwherein the seed dust is measured by a Heubach Dustmeter.
 2. The methodof claim 1, wherein said organic lubricant composition further comprisesa wax selected from the group consisting of carnuba wax, paraffin wax,polypropylene wax, oxidized polyethylene wax, montan wax,microcrystalline wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, amide wax,ethylene-acrylic-acid wax, polyolefin wax, ethylene bis stearamide wax,bees wax, lanolin wax, and vegetable wax.
 3. The method of claim 1,wherein said organic lubricant composition is applied to saidpre-treated seed prior to planting said seed.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein said organic lubricant composition is applied to saidpre-treated seed at the time of seed planting.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein seed to which the organic lubricant composition is appliedreduces seed dust emissions by 50% or more.
 6. The method of claim 1,wherein said organic lubricant is applied to said pre-treated seed in aplanter mechanism or hopper of the planting mechanism.
 7. The method ofclaim 1, wherein said seed is corn or soybean seed.
 8. The method ofclaim 7, further comprising planting said seed with a mechanicalplanter, wherein said mechanical planter is an air or vacuum planter. 9.The method of claim 1, wherein said seed is corn seed.
 10. The method ofclaim 1, wherein said seed is soybean seed.
 11. The method of claim 1,wherein said seed is cotton seed.
 12. The method of claim 1, whereinsaid pre-treated seed is treated with acetamiprid.
 13. The method ofclaim 1, wherein said pre-treated seed is treated with dinotefuran. 14.The method of claim 1, wherein said pre-treated seed is treated withnitenpyram.
 15. The method of claim 1, wherein said pre-treated seed istreated with thiacloprid.
 16. The method of claim 1, wherein saidpre-treated seed is treated with thiamethoxam.
 17. The method of claim1, wherein said pre-treated seed is treated with abamectin.
 18. Themethod of claim 1, wherein said lubricant composition is applied to seedat about 1.0-3.0 ounces per 100 pounds of seed.
 19. The method of claim1, wherein said organic lubricant composition consists essentially ofpowdered oxidized polyethylene wax.
 20. The method of claim 1, whereinsaid organic lubricant composition further comprises TEFLON™(polytetrafluoroethylene).